Climate situation and measure of sustainable land management with agroforestry system, adoption and benefits perceived by farmers: Case of the Mafele village, Bougouni region in Mali

Abstract

The climate of the Bougouni region is tropical dry with a rainfall greater than 1100 mm / year. The climate has been characterized since the 71s by a great interannual variability of rainfall. Over the period 1984-2022, Rainfall deficits were recorded in 1988, 2002, 2009 and 2017 with an average of 850 mm. This situation is linked to climate change, which is a major handicap for development. We encountered in Mafele village, natural agro-forestry system dominated by Butyrospermum parki, Parkia biglobosa, and Tamarindus indica. This group consists of natural Butyrospermum parki, Parkia biglobosa and Tamarindus indica species that are associated with annual cultivation (cotton, maize and sorghum). It is more simply the agricultural plots on which scattered trees are present. Semi-natural agro-forestry system dominated by Butyrospermum parki, Mangifera indica, and Anacardium occidental trees. Despite the presence of natural species in this group which is Butyrospermum parki, the farmer has himself planted some Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidental trees, which are associated with the annual crop (cotton, maize, rice). In the Agro-sylvo-pastoral system, the animals that are housed and fed by fodder gathered in the fields, in return the organic manure of these animals are taken to the field whose plants (cotton, maize, rice) benefit for their good growth. These trees encountered in the three systems play an ecological function or a complementary production function. Many Sustainable land management (SLM) measures was practiced such as: Manure spreading, crop rotation in the fields, growing legumes, fallow, crop residue management.