The Optimization of Photovoltaic Energy Production Through the Research and Development of a Configurable Solar Tracking System: A Case Study of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Abstract

Access to clean and efficient energy remains a major challenge in many developing countries. This study presents the design, implementation, and testing of a configurable solar tracking system aimed at optimizing photovoltaic (PV) energy production in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The system operates in both single-axis and dual-axis modes and was constructed using an Arduino Nano microcontroller, light-dependent resistors (LDRs), relays, and electrical linear actuators for solar panel movement. Two identical PV setups a fixed-tilt system and a dual-axis tracking system were installed side-by-side and monitored under the same environmental conditions. Custom data loggers recorded real-time voltage and current every minute during a full day of operation. Results showed that the dual-axis tracking system produced 21.85% more energy than the fixed system. These findings highlight the effectiveness of locally built, actuator-driven solar trackers in enhancing solar energy capture in Sahelian climates.