Greenhouse Gas Emission in road Transport and Urban Mobility in Ouagadougou: Evaluation and Modelling of its Effect on Air Pollution

Abstract

The transport and urban mobility sector in Burkina Faso is one of the sectors that strongly contributes to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, as well as atmospheric pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess and model road transport and urban mobility contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel demand. Thus, the methodology of is consisted of the assessment of road transport legislation related to environment protection in Burkina Faso. The development of a bottom-up model to estimate the historical trends of vehicle fleet growth and energy demand using the Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software. It assesses greenhouse gases by establishing the specific emission factors and takes the city of Ouagadougou as a case study which represents 48% of the urban population of the country and 83.67% of the vehicle fleet. The results show a significant air pollutants and GHG emissions, which coupling with the high vehicle fleet growth resulting in fuel consumption of more than 89% of the fossil fuel sold in Burkina Faso. Gasoline occupies 10% and is 98% consumed by two-wheelers. Diesel occupies 90% and is 80% consumed by trailers and trucks. Thus a total of 0.47 GtCO2eq/year of Carbone dioxide (CO2) is emitted, diesel vehicles contribute to 87.49% and gasoline vehicles for 12.51%. The most air pollutants are CO2 (4734851.666 tons), NOx (60879.311 tons), CO (23076.198 tons) and some trace of NO2, SO2 etc. The CO2 emission is led by tractor and truck vehicle, respectively 55.20% and 20.25%, flowed by Motorbike (8.48%), Vans (7.42%), Private vehicle (5.02%) and Bus (3.5%) for CO2. The CO emission is dominated by the private cars, 73.84%, with gasoline and by truck vehicle with diesel 72.4%. The NOx is dominated by motorbike with gasoline fuel 77.76% and by truck with diesel 72.40%. The stratospheric ozone is mostly affected in the central area of the city. Thus, this project showed the need of an incentives of environmental regulations and climate change mitigation for sustainable mobility. It may assist the policymakers in achieving lower emission in both, air pollutant and GHG emission in road transport.