Abstract:
This research work focuses on the problem of climate simulation of rainfall over West Africa and particularly over coastal
countries of the Gulf of Guinea by Regional Climate Models. The sensitivities of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)
Model were tested for changes in horizontal resolution (convection permitting versus parameterized) on the replication of
West African monsoon for the year 2014. Sensitivity test was also performed for response of rainfall to changes in microphysics
(MP) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes. Generally, the result shows that WRF is able to replicates rainfall
distribution with an adequate representation of the dynamical features of West African monsoon system. The high-resolution
(wrf-4km) shows dry bias along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea but generally outperforms wrf-24km run especially in replication
of the extreme rainfall distribution. The dry bias along the coastal area is suggested to not to be only related to convection
but mostly to microphysics and PBL parameterisation schemes. Differences were noticed between the dynamics of WRF and
ERA-interim outputs despite the use of spectral nudging in the experiment which then suggest strong interactions between
scales. These differences were observed to be restricted mainly to the low-layer monsoon flow in JJA. Both runs at 24 and
4 km hardly simulate the typical diurnal distribution of rainfall. The sensitivity of WRF to MP (only sophisticated MP were
tested) and PBL reveals a stronger impact of PBL than MP on rainfall distribution and the most significant added value over
the Guinean coast and surroundings area was provided by the configurations using non-local PBL scheme (as ACM2). The
changes in MP and PBL schemes in general seem to have less effect on the explicit runs (wrf-4km) in the replication of the
rainfall over the Gulf of Guinea and the surroundings seaboard.
